A LITERATURE REVIEW ON DIGITAL LEADERSHIP STRATEGY FOR TRANSPARENT, PARTICIPATORY, EFFICIENT, AND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC SERVICES IN INDONESIA

Abstract

This literature review examines strategic factors of digital leadership that influence four service dimensions in the Indonesian public sector. Indonesia has invested significantly in digital government, yet it ranks 77th globally in the UN E-Government Survey 2024. Service quality gaps persist in transparency, participation, efficiency, and responsiveness. Using Public Service Motivation Theory and the E-Government Success Model, this study conducts thematic content analysis on 19 Scopus core articles (2019-2025). It uses the keywords: (digital leadership OR e-leadership OR digital governance) AND (public service* OR e-government) AND (transparency OR participation OR efficiency OR responsive*) AND (Indonesia OR developing countr* OR Southeast Asia). The analysis identifies four critical strategic factors: Digital Literacy and Technological Competence; Innovation-Based and Adaptive Leadership; Strategic Communication and Stakeholder Engagement; and Collaborative Governance and Network Leadership. These findings are synthesized into the Digital Leadership Conceptual Model for Public Service Excellence. The model outlines links between contextual factors, strategic capabilities, mediating mechanisms, and service outcomes. It provides a framework for Indonesian policymakers to assess capabilities, design targeted interventions, and benchmark progress toward transparent, participatory, efficient, and responsive public service.